SCIN
134 Final Examination Questions and Answers
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Question 1 of 36
2.0 Points
A star that is spectral class A is
hotter than a star of spectral class O.
True
False
Question 2 of 36
2.0 Points
It can take hundreds of billions of
years for a red dwarf to convert all of its hydrogen completely to helium.
True
False
Question 3 of 36
2.0 Points
Red stars are relatively “cold”,
with low surface temperatures.
True
False
Question 4 of 36
2.0 Points
A white dwarf is approximately the
same size as the Earth.
True
False
Question 5 of 36
2.0 Points
Fusion only occurs on the surface of
the Sun.
True
False
Question 6 of 36
2.0 Points
In the conversion from hydrogen to
helium, four protons are converted to one helium nucleus.
True
False
Question 7 of 36
2.0 Points
Occam’s razor is the idea that the
most simple and most straightforward explanation of observations in nature is
most likely to be the correct one.
True
False
Question 8 of 36
2.0 Points
Sunspots are dark because they are
hotter than the surrounding material on the Sun.
True
False
Question 9 of 36
2.0 Points
All of the terrestrial planets have
plate tectonics with converging and spreading plates similar to Earth’s.
True
False
Question 10 of 36
2.0 Points
Red stars are hot and blue stars are
cold.
True
False
Question 11 of 36
2.0 Points
The Galaxy rotates like a solid
disk, like a CD or DVD.
True
False
Question 12 of 36
2.0 Points
Evidence suggests that planetary
formation around stars like the Sun are very uncommon.
True
False
Question 13 of 36
2.0 Points
Gravitational lensing involves using
a special type of lens in a telescope to view gravitational waves.
True
False
Question 14 of 36
2.0 Points
Two prominent research groups came
to the same surprising conclusion after taking measurements of the luminosity
of Type Ia supernovae at great distances, this being that the universe is
accelerating while it expands.
True
False
Question 15 of 36
2.0 Points
Light has properties of both waves
and particles.
True
False
Question 16 of 36
3.0 Points
What is the solar wind?
A.the storm of waves and vortices on
the Sun’s surface generated by a solar flare.
B.the constant flux of photons from
the Sun’s visible surface.
C.the circulation of gases between
the equator and the poles of the Sun.
D.the Sun’s outer atmosphere
streaming out into space.
Question 17 of 36
3.0 Points
The temperature of the Sun’s
photosphere is:
A.about 10,000 K.
B.4400 K.
C.5800 K.
D.close to 1 million K.
Question 18 of 36
3.0 Points
Where do we find the most massive
stars on the main sequence in a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram?
A.upper left
B.They all have approximately the
same mass, because this is what defines the main sequence.
C.lower right
D.center, with lower mass stars on
either side
Question 19 of 36
3.0 Points
The luminosity of a star is:
A.another name for its color or
surface temperature.
B.its brightness as seen by people
on Earth.
C.its total energy output into all
space over all wavelengths.
D.its brightness at a hypothetical
distance of 10 parsecs (32.6 light-years) from Earth.
Question 20 of 36
3.0 Points
What places a limit on the lifetime
of a star?
A.Loss of the mass, and therefore of
nuclear fuel, of the star into space by stellar winds.
B.The amount of available nuclear
fuel it contains.
C.Collisions between stars in a
galaxy are sufficiently frequent that all stars will eventually be destroyed in
this way.
D.Buildup of spin as it evolves and
contracts means that the star will eventually spin apart.
Question 21 of 36
3.0 Points
The most likely places in which
stars and planetary systems are forming in the universe are:
A.the rarified outer space between
galaxies.
B.regions of hot gas in the spiral
arms of galaxies.
C.gas and dust nebulae.
D.the centers of galaxies.
Question 22 of 36
3.0 Points
X rays that come from the vicinity
of a black hole actually originate from:
A.well inside the event horizon.
B.its exact center, or singularity.
C.relatively far away from the black
hole, where matter is still relatively cool.
D.just outside the event horizon, on
the accretion disk.
Question 23 of 36
3.0 Points
Black holes are so named because
A.they emit a perfect blackbody
spectrum.
B.no light or any other
electromagnetic radiation can escape from inside them.
C.all their electromagnetic
radiation is gravitationally redshifted to the infrared, which leaves no light
in the optical region.
D.they emit no visible light, their
only spectral lines are in the radio and infrared.
Question 24 of 36
3.0 Points
Spectral lines are of particular
importance in astronomy because:
A.each different element has a
characteristic line spectrum.
B.they can be observed through a
diffraction grating.
C.they are the only light bright
enough to be seen at large distances.
D.only stars produce bright line
spectra.
Question 25 of 36
3.0 Points
A significant contribution of Kepler
to our understanding of the solar system was:
- the discovery that Earth orbits the Sun.
B.the discovery that planetary
orbits are not circular.
C.the observation of the phases of
Venus.
D.the idea of a gravitational force
between Earth and the Sun.
Question 26 of 36
2.0 Points
The age of Earth is considered to
be:
A.about 100 million years.
B.about 4.6 million years.
C.about 4.6 billion years.
D.93 million years.
Question 27 of 36
3.0 Points
Rings of dust and icy particles are
found around which planets?
A.all planets that have moons
associated with them.
B.all four of the Jovian planets.
C.all four of the terrestrial
planets.
D.only Saturn.
Question 28 of 36
3.0 Points
What are the most energetic eruptive
events to occur on the Sun?
A.thermonuclear explosions
B.erupting prominences
C.coronal mass ejections
D.solar flares
Question 29 of 36
3.0 Points
Compared to a star in the middle of
the diagram, a star in the lower left part of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
is:
A.brighter.
- smaller.
C.cooler.
D.larger.
Question 30 of 36
3.0 Points
Our Sun will end its life by
becoming a:
A.black hole.
B.white dwarf.
C.molecular cloud.
D.pulsar.
Question 31 of 36
3.0 Points
The central core of the Galaxy is in
the direction of:
A.the Ring Nebula.
B.the North Star.
C.Sagittarius A*.
D.Orion’s belt.
Question 32 of 36
3.0 Points
How are galaxies spread throughout
the universe?
A.They are grouped into clusters
that are spread more-or-less evenly throughout the universe.
B.They are grouped into clusters,
which are, in turn, grouped into clusters ofclusters (superclusters).
C.Galaxies are densest near the
Milky Way Galaxy and become less and less numerous the farther we look out into
the universe.
D.Galaxies are spread more-or-less
evenly throughout the universe
Question 33 of 36
5.0 Points
What is the reason why we have
seasons on the Earth? Give as much detail as you can in your own words, but be
careful…if you include a misconception, the score is 0.
Question 34 of 36
5.0 Points
Explain in your own words why we see
different phases of the Moon. Identify each of the four major phases, along
with a description of what is occurring to allow us to see each of them.
Bonus point: At what time is each
major phase visible at the Moon’s highest point in the sky?
Question 35 of 36
5.0 Points
How does Einstein’s famous equation,
E = mc2, relate to the production of the Sun’s energy? Be sure to include what
each factor in the equation represents with respect to what happens inside the
Sun.
Question 36 of 36
5.0 Points
Identify and describe in your own
words three separate and specific pieces of scientific evidence that support
the Big Bang theory?
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